In the communication industry, bandwidth typically refers to two concepts: one is frequency bandwidth, and the other is maximum transmission rate (bps). Narrowband transmission refers to a technology that limits the signal transmission to a relatively narrow frequency range during data transfer.

When it comes to GPS, most people are quite familiar with it. Meanwhile, China's domestic positioning service, BeiDou (BDS), has emerged as a new player and has now become a leader in global positioning systems. GPS/BDS, along with Europe's Galileo system and Russia's GLONASS, currently represent the four most widely used positioning services, supporting a wide range of civilian and military Applications. This article briefly explores the core principles of these positioning services.

The BS21 chip solution typically refers to a highly integrated System on Chip (SoC) that supports the StarFlash SLE1.0 protocol. This type of chip integrates both Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and StarFlash (SLE) dual-mode functionality, making it suitable for IoT (Internet of Things) smart terminal Applications such as smart homes, wearable devices, and industrial control systems.

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), cellular network technologies (such as 4G and 5G) have been increasingly optimized for low power consumption and large-scale device connectivity. LTE-M (Long-Term Evolution for Machines) and Cat-M (Category M) are two key communication technologies designed for IoT devices. While these terms are often used interchangeably, there are some important distinctions between them.

LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology that has revolutionized the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape with its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption. It operates in sub-gigahertz frequency bands, typically in the 433 MHz, 868 MHz, or 915 MHz ranges, offering a unique solution for IoT Applications that require long-range, low-power communication. LoRa modules, which are the hardware components that facilitate LoRa communication, are widely used in smart cities, agriculture, industrial monitoring, and various remote sensing Applications.

​In computer science and embedded systems, terms like RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), ARM (Advanced RISC Machine), MCU (Microcontroller Unit), and CPU (Central Processing Unit) are commonly used. These components have distinct roles and characteristics, making them essential in various hardware architectures. Understanding their definitions, features, and Applications is key to grasping how modern computing systems operate

Polar code, proposed by Turkish professor Erdal Arıkan in 2008, is a forward error correction (FEC) scheme and a linear block code. It is regarded as a method to achieve channel capacity, especially under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.

Edge computing has become a pivotal advancement in modern computing, offering solutions to many limitations posed by centralized cloud computing. Its ability to process data closer to its source has made it a cornerstone for real-time Applications, IoT devices, and industrial automation. In this article, we explore what edge computing is, the factors making it more accessible, its relationship with cloud computing, and how it reduces latency, while also drawing comparisons with traditional industrial computing.

With the ongoing digital transformation in businesses, the corporate intranet has become a critical infrastructure for daily operations and business activities. To ensure the security, reliability, and efficient use of network resources, it is essential to control network port connections within the corporate intranet. This article will explore the basic methods of controlling network ports, the technological approaches involved, and their Application in corporate network management.

When designing or upgrading communication systems, choosing the right protocol or hub type is critical. Both Zigbee and RS485 hubs are popular in their respective domains, but they serve different purposes and are suitable for different Applications. Below is a detailed comparison to help understand their differences and determine which is better for specific use cases.

In modern communication technology, the choice of transmission mode directly affects system performance. Half-duplex communication, a common mode of communication, is characterized by allowing data to be transmitted in both directions, but only one direction at a time. This distinguishes it from full-duplex communication and simplex communication, each having its own unique advantages and limitations. This article explores the basic concept of half-duplex communication, its Application scenarios, and its future development trends.

As portable electronics and industrial Applications demand increasingly specialized power solutions, Power Bank Modules and Isolated Power Modules have emerged to serve different needs. While both are essential for powering devices, they serve distinct purposes, feature unique designs, and fulfill different requirements. In this article, we will explore the concepts, definitions, characteristics, and Applications of both Power Bank Modules and Isolated Power Modules, followed by a comparison of their differences.

Isolation power modules are specialized power devices designed to electrically separate input and output circuits, ensuring safe and stable power supply to equipment. Widely used across various fields, isolation power modules play a crucial role in enhancing the safety, stability, and electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices. This article will explore the five main functions of isolation power modules and their practical Applications.

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication protocol bus used for real-time Applications, classified under fieldbus communication. It is an efficient serial communication network that supports distributed control systems and is a multi-master bus, allowing multiple devices to communicate without a central controller.

The CH348 is a widely-used USB-to-serial chip, which converts USB signals to serial communication, allowing a computer to communicate with various serial devices. In Applications where multiple serial devices are connected to a single computer, the CH348 chip's multi-serial port functionality becomes valuable. However, when multiple CH348 chips are in use, it becomes challenging to differentiate between them.