Profinet, Modbus, RTU, RS485, and gateway protocols serve as the backbone of industrial communication systems, allowing devices from various manufacturers and with different communication requirements to work together seamlessly.

With the continuous development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) has become a core communication technology in fields such as smart cities, smart agriculture, and industrial automation.

Digital and analog signals are essential in systems like PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and DCSs (Distributed Control Systems). The four fundamental signal types—DI (Digital Input), AI (Analog Input), DO (Digital Output), and AO (Analog Output)—play key roles in various automation processes.

​In today's digital age, the widespread use of IoT, big data, and AI is transforming industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy. To support the efficient operation of these technologies, key components like Cloud IO, edge data collection, and network controllers are becoming essential in building intelligent networks.

NB-IoT can be deployed using existing cellular networks, eliminating the need for the construction of new infrastructure. This reduces deployment costs and makes it easier to integrate into the existing telecom ecosystem.