Understanding the operating mechanism of the LoRaWAN communication network, especially the relationship between LoRaWAN nodes and LoRaWAN gateways, is crucial to the successful deployment and optimization of IoT systems.

With the continuous development of industrial automation and Internet of Things technology, the Modbus protocol is becoming more and more popular as a communication protocol. Among many communication protocols, why is Modbus so popular?

As 2G and 3G networks decline, existing large-scale cellular IoT devices will likely use one of the following 4G LTE standards: LTE Cat.1, LTE-M, or NB-IoT. When making a choice, we need to understand the differences between LTE Cat.1, LTE-M, and NB-IoT.

The development of CoAP began with the recognition of the unsuitability of the HTTP protocol on resource-constrained devices. The HTTP protocol is the most commonly used application layer protocol on the Internet, but there are challenges in its use on IoT devices

CAN bus was developed by BOSCH, a German company famous for R&D and production of automotive electronic products, and eventually became an international standard (ISO11519). It is one of the most widely used field buses in the world. The CAN bus is a multi-master bus system.

UART is a commonly used serial communication protocol that is widely used in communication between microcontrollers or various embedded devices.

Real-time location system (RTLS) is a technology for tracking and locating objects, people or equipment in real-time by using wireless communications, sensors and data processing technology to provide accurate location information of objects in three-dimensional space.

Crystal oscillator is an important electronic component, which is widely used in various electronic devices.

Over the years, ZigBee has been continuously updated and iterated. After ZigBee re-approved its ZigBee (07) specification, it defined two function sets of ZigBee and ZigBee Pro on the basis of its ZigBee (06), and the functions of ZigBee (07) in terms of network environment compatibility are based on this function set got strengthened.